Why do flat roofs leak when shingle roofs on the same house do not?
A shingle roof sheds water by slope and overlap, so a small defect often stays dry. A flat roof depends on one continuous sealed layer, and water stands on it long enough to find any weakness. A porch or addition roof is also joined to a wall, which adds a seam.
On a steep roof, a lifted shingle might let in a few drops during a hard wind-driven rain. On a flat roof, a pinhole at a low spot can feed water in all afternoon, because the water has nowhere to go. That is why ponding is treated as a symptom to explain rather than a quirk to ignore.
The second reason is the join. A back porch or kitchen addition attached to an older house has a place where the low roof meets the main wall. That joint, finished with counterflashing, is a common starting point for a ceiling stain, and it is easy to confuse with a failure in the field of the roof. The flashing repair page describes what is checked there.
Age matters as well. A membrane that was sound when an addition was built in the 1970s or 1980s may have been patched several times since, and each patch is another edge that can lift. A roofer who finds three old patches in one corner is reading the roof's history, and that history usually decides whether a further repair is worth the money.
What are the low-slope roofs in and around Winston-Salem?
Porches and additions on houses built from the 1950s to the 1980s, large commercial roofs such as those around Hanes Mall off Stratford Road, showroom buildings in High Point and older downtown sections in Lexington. Each uses a membrane, and the repair depends on its age and drainage.
The city's median home was built in 1977, and the counts by decade show about 14,555 homes from the 1950s, 12,194 from the 1960s, 15,546 from the 1970s and 18,059 from the 1980s. Many of those houses have had a porch roof or an addition built on later, and a low-slope section is often the youngest and least-maintained part of a mid-century house.
Commercial roofs follow a different pattern. Hanes Mall opened on August 6, 1975, beside Interstate 40, and large commercial roofs sit around it. High Point's older neighborhoods have large commercial and showroom buildings next to houses, and Lexington mixes older downtown buildings with suburban houses. A roofer who handles one of these may not take on the others, so say what kind of building you have on the first call.
How do rain, heat and trees affect a flat roof here?
Frequent summer rain keeps flat roofs wet, July heat reaches an average high of 87 F, and overhanging trees drop leaves that block drains. Water that cannot leave the roof sits on the membrane and works into seams. Keeping drains clear is the cheapest protection a flat roof has.
July is the hottest month, with an average high of 87 F, and the muggiest. A membrane in that weather is hot, wet and often shaded by trees at the edge, which is a good environment for algae and debris. Gutters and scuppers that fill with leaves back water up onto the roof, and a flat roof has less margin than a pitched one.
Winter adds freeze and thaw. The snowy period runs from about November 29 to March 16, and standing water that freezes can stress seams. The sources here do not give a flat-roof snow load for Forsyth County, so this page makes no claim about weight. If you are concerned about a heavy accumulation, call a roofer rather than going onto the roof.
Trees at the roof edge deserve a note of their own. A branch that scrapes the membrane in wind can wear through the surface, and the damage is easy to miss from the ground. After a storm, a roofer looking at a flat roof checks the surface near any overhanging limb first.